randallpacker.com Randallpacker.com

   
Home • Reportage from the Aesthetic Edge

Domain Summary

What is the traffic rank for Randallpacker.com?

• Randallpacker.com ranks #8,021,276 globally on HypeStat.

What percent of global Internet users visit Randallpacker.com?

• 1.0E-6% of global Internet users visit Randallpacker.com

How many people visit Randallpacker.com each day?

• Randallpacker.com receives approximately 51 visitors and 82 page impressions per day.

Which countries does Randallpacker.com receive most of its visitors from?

• Randallpacker.com is mostly visited by people located in United States,Canada.

How much Randallpacker.com can earn?

• Randallpacker.com should earn about $0.40/day from advertising revenue.

What is Randallpacker.com estimated value?

• Estimated value of Randallpacker.com is $409.75.

What IP addresses does Randallpacker.com resolve to?

• Randallpacker.com resolves to the IP addresses 34.149.36.179.

Where are Randallpacker.com servers located in?

• Randallpacker.com has servers located in Kansas City, Missouri, 64184, United States.

randallpacker.com Profile

Title:Home • Reportage from the Aesthetic Edge Description:meta description
Edit Site Info

What technologies does randallpacker.com use?

These are the technologies used at randallpacker.com. randallpacker.com has a total of 12 technologies installed in 10 different categories.
WordPress plugins
Jetpack Jetpack
Smash Balloon Instagram Feed Smash Balloon Instagram Feed
Yoast SEO Yoast SEO
JavaScript Libraries
jQuery jQuery
jQuery Migrate jQuery Migrate
Modernizr Modernizr
Moment.js Moment.js
Web Servers
Nginx Nginx
Reverse proxies
Nginx Nginx
Miscellaneous
Open Graph Open Graph
CMS
WordPress WordPress
Blogs
WordPress WordPress
SEO
Yoast SEO Yoast SEO
Programming Languages
PHP PHP
Databases
MySQL MySQL

randallpacker.com Traffic Analysis

Randallpacker.com is ranked #8,021,276 in the world. This website is viewed by an estimated 51 visitors daily, generating a total of 82 pageviews. This equates to about 1.5K monthly visitors.
Daily Visitors51
Monthly Visits1.5K
Pages per Visit1.62
Visit duration00:27
Bounce Rate43.44%
Is this your site?Verify your site's metrics.
Daily Unique Visitors:
51
Monthly Visits:
1,545
Pages per Visit:
1.62
Daily Pageviews:
82
Avg. visit duration:
00:27
Bounce rate:
43.44%
Global Reach:
1.0E-6%
Monthly Visits (SimilarWeb):
1,504
HypeRank:
8,021,276
SEMrush Rank:
7,000,241
SimilarWeb Rank:
8,021,276
*All traffic values are estimates only.

Total Visits Last 3 Months

611
APR
1.5K
MAY
1.5K
JUN

Visitors by country

Country
Users%
 
United States 94.98%
 
Canada 5.02%
Last update was 5 hours ago
     
This can take up to 60 seconds. Please wait...

Update will be available in 19 hours
*HypeStat.com is not promoting or affiliated with randallpacker.com in any way. Only publicly available statistics data are displayed.

Search Engine Indexes ▼

Search engine indexes are huge databases or collections of net pages that search engines like google like google and yahoo use to retrieve applicable facts while customers carry out searches. These indexes are created through search engines like google and yahoo through crawling and indexing net pages from throughout the internet.
Bing Index:
4,730,000

  ▼

SEMrush is a complete on line advertising and marketing platform that gives a extensive variety of gear and functions to help companies and entrepreneurs in enhancing their on line visibility and optimizing their virtual advertising and marketing strategies.
SemRushSemRush
Domain:
  randallpacker.com
Rank:
(Rank based on keywords, cost and organic traffic)
  7,000,241
Organic Keywords:
(Number of keywords in top 20 Google SERP)
  78
Organic Traffic:
(Number of visitors coming from top 20 search results)
  15
Organic Cost:
((How much need to spend if get same number of visitors from Google Adwords)
  $1.00
Full SEMrush Report >>

Revenue report ▼

Google.com would generate approximately $0.4 per day if the source of income were advertisements, which equates to an estimated monthly revenue of $12 and annual gross revenue of approximately $146. Based on these figures, the site's net worth is estimated at around $409.8.

How much would randallpacker.com make?

Daily Revenue:
$0.40
Monthly Revenue:
$12.00
Yearly Revenue:
$146.00
*All earnings values are estimates only.

Daily earning by country

 
CountryPageviewsEarning
 
United States 78$0.38
 
Canada 4$0.02

Loss of money due to Adblock?

Daily Revenue Loss:
$0.07
Monthly Revenue Loss:
$2.22
Yearly Revenue Loss:
$26.98
Daily Pageviews Blocked:
15
Monthly Pageviews Blocked:
451
Yearly Pageviews Blocked:
5,493

Daily revenue loss by country

 
CountryBlockedLost Money
 
United States 14$0.07
 
Canada 1$0.01

How much is randallpacker.com worth?

Website Value:
$409.8

Ad Experience Report ▼

Summary of the ad experience rating of a website for a specific platform.

Mobile summary

Root domain:
randallpacker.com
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Desktop summary

Root domain:
randallpacker.com
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Abusive Experience Report ▼

Summary of the abusive experience rating of a website.
Root domain:
randallpacker.com
Enforcement:
(Chrome is not preventing your site from opening new windows or tabs.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site reviewed for the abusive experiences.)
Not reviewed

Where is randallpacker.com hosted? ▼

Randallpacker.com may be hosted in multiple data centers distributed in different locations around the world. This is probably just one of them.
Server IP:
34.149.36.179
ASN:
AS396982 
ISP:
Google LLC 
Server Location:
Kansas City
Missouri, MO
64184
United States, US
 

Other sites hosted on 34.149.36.179

How fast does randallpacker.com load? ▼

The average loading time of randallpacker.com is 815 ms. The Desktop speed index is 74 and mobile speed index is 91.
Average Load Time:
815 ms

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Desktop

74
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average 0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Lab Data

Speed Index 2.0 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Total Blocking Time 0 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Max Potential First Input Delay 20 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Largest Contentful Paint 4.5 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Time to Interactive 4.5 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
INP breakdown  
Start investigating with the longest subpart. To reduce processing duration, , often JS. Delays can be minimized optimize the main-thread costs
First Meaningful Paint  
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
First Contentful Paint 0.6 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Mobile

91
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average 0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Lab Data

Total Blocking Time 0 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Speed Index 4.4 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Largest Contentful Paint image was not lazily loaded  
Above-the-fold images that are lazily loaded render later in the page lifecycle, which can delay the largest contentful paint. Learn more about optimal lazy loading
Time to Interactive 2.6 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
LCP request discovery  
Optimize LCP by making the LCP image from the HTML immediately, and discoverable avoiding lazy-loading
Largest Contentful Paint 2.6 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
First Contentful Paint 2.4 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
Max Potential First Input Delay 20 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric
INP breakdown  
Start investigating with the longest subpart. To reduce processing duration, , often JS. Delays can be minimized optimize the main-thread costs
Preload Largest Contentful Paint image  
If the LCP element is dynamically added to the page, you should preload the image in order to improve LCP. Learn more about preloading LCP elements
First Meaningful Paint  
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric

Does randallpacker.com use compression? ▼

Website compression is the process of reducing the size of website files, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and image files, to improve website performance and load times. Compressing website files can significantly reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred from the server to the user's browser, resulting in faster page load times and improved user experience. Files on randallpacker.com are reduced by 73%.
randallpacker.com use gzip compression.
Original size: 53.96 KB
Compressed size: 14.12 KB
File reduced by: 39.84 KB (73%)

Google Safe Browsing ▼

Google Safe Browsing is a service provided by Google that helps protect users from visiting websites that may contain malicious or harmful content, such as malware, phishing attempts, or deceptive software.
This site is not currently listed as suspicious

MyWot.com Reputation Ratings

MyWOT (short for "My Web of Trust") is a web-based reputation and rating service that provides users with information about the trustworthiness and safety of websites.
Status:
  SAFE

SSL Checker - SSL Certificate Verify ▼

An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate is a digital certificate that establishes a secure encrypted connection between a web server and a user's web browser. It provides authentication and encryption, ensuring that data transmitted between the server and the browser remains private and protected. randallpacker.com supports HTTPS.
 randallpacker.com supports HTTPS
     
Verifying SSL Support. Please wait...
Common Name: *.randallpacker.com
Organization:
Location:
Issuer: R10
Valid from: May 27 01:21:59 2025 GMT
Valid until: Aug 25 01:21:58 2025 GMT
Authority: CA:FALSE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Common Name: R10
Organization: Let's Encrypt
Location: US
Issuer: ISRG Root X1
Valid from: Mar 13 00:00:00 2024 GMT
Valid until: Mar 12 23:59:59 2027 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 2048 Bits

Verify HTTP/2 Support ▼

HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2) is a major revision of the HTTP protocol, which is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It was developed as an improvement over the previous HTTP/1.1 version to enhance web performance and efficiency.
 randallpacker.com supports HTTP/2
     
Verifying HTTP/2.0 Support. Please wait...

Http Header ▼

HTTP headers are extra portions of records despatched among a consumer (which include an internet browser) and a server at some stage in an HTTP request or response. They offer instructions, metadata, or manipulate parameters for the conversation among the consumer and server. 
server: nginx
date: Tue, 22 Jul 2025 06:44:03 GMT
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
x-ce: ht9j
x-cache-enabled: True
link: <https://randallpacker.com/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/", <https://randallpacker.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/14041>; rel="alternate"; title="JSON"; type="application/json", <https://randallpacker.com/>; rel=shortlink
x-httpd: 1
x-cdn-c: static
content-encoding: gzip
x-sg-cdn: 1
x-proxy-cache: MISS
x-proxy-cache-info: 0 NC:000000 UP:
host-header: 8441280b0c35cbc1147f8ba998a563a7

DNS Lookup ▼

DNS entries (Domain Name System) are a critical component of the Internet infrastructure. They act as directories that translate human-readable domain names (such as example.com) to machine-readable IP addresses. DNS records are stored on DNS servers and help forward internet traffic efficiently.
Type Ip Target/Txt TTL
MX mx10.mailspamprotection.com 3600
MX mx20.mailspamprotection.com 3600
MX mx30.mailspamprotection.com 3600
TXT v=spf1 +a +mx +a:us256.siteground.us include:randallpacker.com.spf.auto.dnssmarthost.net ~all 14400
NS ns1.siteground.net 86400
NS ns2.siteground.net 86400
A 34.149.36.179 60
A 35.227.194.51 60
A 34.120.190.48 60
A 34.149.120.3 60
SOA 86400
Mname ns1.siteground.net
Rname root.us256.siteground.us
Serial Number 2020012969
Refresh 86400
Retry 7200
Expire 3600000
Minimum TTL 86400

Whois Lookup ▼

Domain WHOIS is a public database that provides information about domain names, including registered owners, contact information, domain registrars, registration and expiration dates, name servers, and other relevant information. Domain registration for this website began on June 29, 2009 and will expire on June 29, 2026 if not renewed. This website is now assigned through the registrar TUCOWS, INC.. The WHOIS data for this website's domain was last updated on June 7, 2025.
Domain Created:
2009-06-29
Domain Expires:
2026-06-29
Domain Updated:
2025-06-07
Domain Age:
16 years 23 days
Domain Registrar:
TUCOWS, INC.
Domain Owner:
REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
WhoIs:
 

Domain Name: RANDALLPACKER.COM
Registry Domain ID: 1560756529_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.tucows.com
Registrar URL: http://tucowsdomains.com
Updated Date: 2025-06-07T11:29:20
Creation Date: 2009-06-29T15:41:54
Registrar Registration Expiration Date: 2026-06-29T15:41:54
Registrar: TUCOWS, INC.
Registrar IANA ID: 69
Reseller: SG Hosting Inc.
Domain Status: ok https://icann.org/epp#ok
Registry Registrant ID: 
Registrant Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY 
Registrant City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant State/Province: DC
Registrant Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Country: US
Registrant Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Phone Ext: 
Registrant Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Fax Ext: 
Registrant Email: https://tieredaccess.com/contact/e748afb9-b572-4bfe-80e2-915bbde2b75c
Registry Admin ID: 
Admin Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY 
Admin City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone Ext: 
Admin Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Fax Ext: 
Admin Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registry Tech ID: 
Tech Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY 
Tech City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone Ext: 
Tech Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Fax Ext: 
Tech Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Name Server: ns1.siteground.net
Name Server: ns2.siteground.net
DNSSEC: unsigned
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: email
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.4165350123
URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System: https://icann.org/wicf
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2025-07-22T06:45:07Z