freesupervpn.app Freesupervpn.app

   
Super VPN – A Free Secure VPN Proxy

Domain Summary

What is the traffic rank for Freesupervpn.app?

• Freesupervpn.app ranks #6,941,195 globally on HypeStat.

What percent of global Internet users visit Freesupervpn.app?

9.2E-6% of global Internet users visit Freesupervpn.app

How many people visit Freesupervpn.app each day?

• Freesupervpn.app receives approximately 453 visitors and 10 page impressions per day.

Which countries does Freesupervpn.app receive most of its visitors from?

• Freesupervpn.app is mostly visited by people located in Afghanistan,Turkey,Viet Nam.

How much Freesupervpn.app can earn?

• Freesupervpn.app should earn about $0.03/day from advertising revenue.

What is Freesupervpn.app estimated value?

• Estimated value of Freesupervpn.app is $27.90.

What IP addresses does Freesupervpn.app resolve to?

• Freesupervpn.app resolves to the IP addresses 170.187.153.147.

Where are Freesupervpn.app servers located in?

• Freesupervpn.app has servers located in Atlanta, Georgia, 30301, United States.

freesupervpn.app Profile

Title:Super VPN – A Free Secure VPN Proxy

What technologies does freesupervpn.app use?

These are the technologies used at freesupervpn.app. freesupervpn.app has a total of 8 technologies installed in 8 different categories.

freesupervpn.app Traffic Analysis

Freesupervpn.app is ranked #6,941,195 in the world. This website is viewed by an estimated 453 visitors daily, generating a total of 10 pageviews. This equates to about 13.7K monthly visitors.
Daily Visitors453
Monthly Visits13.7K
Pages per Visit0.02
Visit duration n/a
Bounce Rate53.66%
Is this your site?Verify your site's metrics.
Daily Unique Visitors:
453
Monthly Visits:
13,726
Pages per Visit:
0.02
Daily Pageviews:
10
Avg. visit duration:
n/a
Bounce rate:
53.66%
Global Reach:
9.2E-6%
Monthly Visits (SimilarWeb):
13,856
HypeRank:
6,941,195
SEMrush Rank:
4,227,971
SimilarWeb Rank:
15,853,206
*All traffic values are estimates only.

Total Visits Last 3 Months

10.1K
DEC
13.7K
JAN
13.7K
FEB

Visitors by country

Country
Users%
 
Afghanistan 11.48%
 
Turkey 7.28%
 
Viet Nam 6.73%
 
United States 6.57%
 
Argentina 5.47%
Last update was 446 days ago
     
This can take up to 60 seconds. Please wait...

*HypeStat.com is not promoting or affiliated with freesupervpn.app in any way. Only publicly available statistics data are displayed.

Search Engine Indexes

Search engine indexes are huge databases or collections of net pages that search engines like google like google and yahoo use to retrieve applicable facts while customers carry out searches. These indexes are created through search engines like google and yahoo through crawling and indexing net pages from throughout the internet.
Google Index:
10
Bing Index:
8

 

SEMrush is a complete on line advertising and marketing platform that gives a extensive variety of gear and functions to help companies and entrepreneurs in enhancing their on line visibility and optimizing their virtual advertising and marketing strategies.
SemRushSemRush
Domain:
  freesupervpn.app
Rank:
(Rank based on keywords, cost and organic traffic)
  4,227,971
Organic Keywords:
(Number of keywords in top 20 Google SERP)
  37
Organic Traffic:
(Number of visitors coming from top 20 search results)
  55
Organic Cost:
((How much need to spend if get same number of visitors from Google Adwords)
  $64.00

Revenue report

Google.com would generate approximately $0 per day if the source of income were advertisements, which equates to an estimated monthly revenue of $0.9 and annual gross revenue of approximately $11. Based on these figures, the site's net worth is estimated at around $27.9.

How much would freesupervpn.app make?

Daily Revenue:
$0.03
Monthly Revenue:
$0.90
Yearly Revenue:
$10.95
*All earnings values are estimates only.

Daily earning by country

 
CountryPageviewsEarning
 
United States 1$0.00
 
Afghanistan 1$0.00
 
Viet Nam 1$0.00
 
Turkey 1$0.00
 
Argentina 1$0.00

Daily revenue loss by country

 
CountryBlockedLost Money
 
United States 0$0.00
 
Afghanistan 0$0.00
 
Argentina 0$0.00
 
Viet Nam 0$0.00
 
Turkey 0$0.00

How much is freesupervpn.app worth?

Website Value:
$27.9

Ad Experience Report

Summary of the ad experience rating of a website for a specific platform.

Mobile summary

Root domain:
freesupervpn.app
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Desktop summary

Root domain:
freesupervpn.app
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Abusive Experience Report

Summary of the abusive experience rating of a website.
Root domain:
freesupervpn.app
Enforcement:
(Chrome is not preventing your site from opening new windows or tabs.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site reviewed for the abusive experiences.)
Not reviewed

Where is freesupervpn.app hosted?

Freesupervpn.app may be hosted in multiple data centers distributed in different locations around the world. This is probably just one of them.
Server IP:
170.187.153.147
ASN:
AS63949 
ISP:
Linode, LLC 
Server Location:
Atlanta
Georgia, GA
30301
United States, US
 

Other sites hosted on 170.187.153.147

There are no other sites hosted on this IP

How fast does freesupervpn.app load?

The average loading time of freesupervpn.app is 2175 ms. The Desktop speed index is 90 and mobile speed index is 65.
Average Load Time:
2175 ms

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Desktop

90
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a SLOW speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0ms 100% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 100% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)2.8s 1% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 1% 10% of loads for this page have an average (0.8s ~ 1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 10% 88% of loads for this page have a slow (>1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 88%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)4.9s 2% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 2% 25% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 25% 71% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 71%
First Input Delay (FID)3ms 100% of loads for this page have a fast (<100ms) First Input Delay (FID) 100% 0% of loads for this page have an average (100ms ~ 300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)71ms 93% of loads for this page have a fast (<200ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 93% 1% of loads for this page have an average (200ms ~ 500ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 1% 4% of loads for this page have a slow (>500ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 4%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)6.0s 6% of loads for this page have a fast (<2500ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 6% 37% of loads for this page have an average (2500ms ~ 4000ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 37% 56% of loads for this page have a slow (>4000ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 56%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an SLOW speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0ms 100% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 100% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)2.8s 1% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 1% 12% of loads for this page have an average (0.8s ~ 1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 12% 85% of loads for this page have a slow (>1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 85%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)4.8s 4% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 4% 25% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 25% 69% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 69%
First Input Delay (FID)3ms 100% of loads for this page have a fast (<100ms) First Input Delay (FID) 100% 0% of loads for this page have an average 100ms ~ 300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)71ms 93% of loads for this page have a fast (<200ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 93% 1% of loads for this page have an average (200ms ~ 500ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 1% 4% of loads for this page have a slow (>500ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 4%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)6.0s 8% of loads for this page have a fast (<2500ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 8% 36% of loads for this page have an average (2500ms ~ 4000ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 36% 54% of loads for this page have a slow (>4000ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 54%

Lab Data

Time to Interactive 0.9 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
Speed Index 2.6 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Timing budget  
Set a timing budget to help you keep an eye on the performance of your site. Performant sites load fast and respond to user input events quickly. Learn more about performance budgets
First Contentful Paint 0.9 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
Performance budget  
Keep the quantity and size of network requests under the targets set by the provided performance budget. Learn more about performance budgets
Total Blocking Time 0 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Minimize third-party usage  
Third-party code can significantly impact load performance. Limit the number of redundant third-party providers and try to load third-party code after your page has primarily finished loading. Learn how to minimize third-party impact
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Largest Contentful Paint 1.3 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
First Meaningful Paint 0.9 s
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Mobile

65
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a SLOW speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0ms 100% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 99% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)3.1s 1% of loads for this page have a fast (<800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 4% 9% of loads for this page have an average (800s ~ 1800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 9% 85% of loads for this page have a slow (>1800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 85%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)4.0s 2% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 6% 38% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 38% 54% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 54%
First Input Delay (FID)12ms 97% of loads for this page have a fast (<100ms) First Input Delay (FID) 97% 2% of loads for this page have an average (100ms ~ 300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 2% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)134ms 93% of loads for this page have a fast (<200s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 88% 9% of loads for this page have an average (200s ~ 500s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 9% 1% of loads for this page have a slow (>500s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 1%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)5.4s 6% of loads for this page have a fast (<2500s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 14% 32% of loads for this page have an average (2500s ~ 4000s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 32% 52% of loads for this page have a slow (>4000s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 52%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an SLOW speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0ms 99% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 99% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)3.0s 4% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 4% 12% of loads for this page have an average (0.8s ~ 1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 12% 83% of loads for this page have a slow (>1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 83%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)4.0s 9% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 9% 38% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 38% 52% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 52%
First Input Delay (FID)12ms 100% of loads for this page have a fast (<100ms) First Input Delay (FID) 97% 2% of loads for this page have an average 100ms ~ 300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 2% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)134ms 89% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.2s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 89% 8% of loads for this page have an average (0.2s ~ 0.5s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 8% 1% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.5s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 1%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)5.3s 17% of loads for this page have a fast (<2.5s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 17% 31% of loads for this page have an average (2.5s ~ 4s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 31% 50% of loads for this page have a slow (>4s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 50%

Lab Data

Time to Interactive 5.1 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
Largest Contentful Paint 6.2 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Timing budget  
Set a timing budget to help you keep an eye on the performance of your site. Performant sites load fast and respond to user input events quickly. Learn more about performance budgets
First Meaningful Paint 2.8 s
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
Minimize third-party usage  
Third-party code can significantly impact load performance. Limit the number of redundant third-party providers and try to load third-party code after your page has primarily finished loading. Learn how to minimize third-party impact
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Total Blocking Time 10 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Performance budget  
Keep the quantity and size of network requests under the targets set by the provided performance budget. Learn more about performance budgets
First Contentful Paint 2.8 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
Speed Index 8.3 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric

Does freesupervpn.app use compression?

Website compression is the process of reducing the size of website files, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and image files, to improve website performance and load times. Compressing website files can significantly reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred from the server to the user's browser, resulting in faster page load times and improved user experience. Files on freesupervpn.app are reduced by 83%.
freesupervpn.app use gzip compression.
Original size: 100.51 KB
Compressed size: 16.59 KB
File reduced by: 83.92 KB (83%)

Google Safe Browsing

Google Safe Browsing is a service provided by Google that helps protect users from visiting websites that may contain malicious or harmful content, such as malware, phishing attempts, or deceptive software.
This site is not currently listed as suspicious

MyWot.com Reputation Ratings

MyWOT (short for "My Web of Trust") is a web-based reputation and rating service that provides users with information about the trustworthiness and safety of websites.
Status:
  SAFE

SSL Checker - SSL Certificate Verify

An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate is a digital certificate that establishes a secure encrypted connection between a web server and a user's web browser. It provides authentication and encryption, ensuring that data transmitted between the server and the browser remains private and protected. freesupervpn.app supports HTTPS.
 freesupervpn.app supports HTTPS
     
Verifying SSL Support. Please wait...
Common Name: www.freesupervpn.app
Organization:
Location:
Issuer: R3
Valid from: Feb 20 23:10:21 2024 GMT
Valid until: May 20 23:10:20 2024 GMT
Authority: CA:FALSE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Common Name: R3
Organization: Let's Encrypt
Location: US
Issuer: ISRG Root X1
Valid from: Sep 4 00:00:00 2020 GMT
Valid until: Sep 15 16:00:00 2025 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 2048 Bits

Verify HTTP/2 Support

HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2) is a major revision of the HTTP protocol, which is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It was developed as an improvement over the previous HTTP/1.1 version to enhance web performance and efficiency.
 freesupervpn.app supports HTTP/2
     
Verifying HTTP/2.0 Support. Please wait...

Http Header

HTTP headers are extra portions of records despatched among a consumer (which include an internet browser) and a server at some stage in an HTTP request or response. They offer instructions, metadata, or manipulate parameters for the conversation among the consumer and server.
server: nginx
date: Wed, 27 Mar 2024 18:23:03 GMT
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
location: https://www.freesupervpn.app/
x-redirect-by: WordPress
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000

HTTP/2 200 
server: nginx
date: Wed, 27 Mar 2024 18:23:04 GMT
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
link: <https://www.freesupervpn.app/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"
link: <https://www.freesupervpn.app/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/7>; rel="alternate"; type="application/json"
link: <https://www.freesupervpn.app/>; rel=shortlink
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
content-encoding: gzip

DNS Lookup

DNS entries (Domain Name System) are a critical component of the Internet infrastructure. They act as directories that translate human-readable domain names (such as example.com) to machine-readable IP addresses. DNS records are stored on DNS servers and help forward internet traffic efficiently.
Type Ip Target/Txt TTL
SOA 900
Mname ns-510.awsdns-63.com
Rname awsdns-hostmaster.amazon.com
Serial Number 1
Refresh 7200
Retry 900
Expire 1209600
Minimum TTL 86400
A 170.187.153.147 232
NS ns-785.awsdns-34.net 10732
NS ns-1219.awsdns-24.org 10732
NS ns-1961.awsdns-53.co.uk 10732
NS ns-510.awsdns-63.com 10732

Whois Lookup

Domain WHOIS is a public database that provides information about domain names, including registered owners, contact information, domain registrars, registration and expiration dates, name servers, and other relevant information. Domain registration for this website began on October 14, 2021 and will expire on October 14, 2024 if not renewed. This website is now assigned through the registrar Name.com, Inc.. The WHOIS data for this website's domain was last updated on September 25, 2023.
Domain Created:
2021-10-14
Domain Expires:
2024-10-14
Domain Updated:
2023-09-25
Domain Age:
3 years 8 months 3 days
Domain Registrar:
Name.com, Inc.
Domain Owner:
REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
WhoIs:
 

Domain Name: freesupervpn.app
Registry Domain ID: 47DE4B9E8-APP
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.nic.google
Registrar URL: http://www.name.com
Updated Date: 2023-09-25T04:32:10Z
Creation Date: 2021-10-14T06:54:31Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2024-10-14T06:54:31Z
Registrar: Name.com, Inc.
Registrar IANA ID: 625
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: email
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.7203101849
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Registry Registrant ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant State/Province: GUANGDONG
Registrant Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Country: CN
Registrant Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Email: Please query the WHOIS server of the owning registrar identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name. 
Registry Admin ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Email: Please query the WHOIS server of the owning registrar identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name. 
Registry Tech ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Email: Please query the WHOIS server of the owning registrar identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name. 
Registry Billing ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Billing Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Billing Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Billing City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Billing State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Billing Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Billing Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Billing Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Billing Email: Please query the WHOIS server of the owning registrar identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name. 
Name Server: ns-1219.awsdns-24.org
Name Server: ns-1961.awsdns-53.co.uk
Name Server: ns-510.awsdns-63.com
Name Server: ns-785.awsdns-34.net
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2024-03-27T18:24:09Z