obwhats.app Obwhats.app

   
واتساب عمر

Domain Summary

What is the traffic rank for Obwhats.app?

• Obwhats.app ranks #4,798,312 globally on HypeStat.

What percent of global Internet users visit Obwhats.app?

• 6.9E-5% of global Internet users visit Obwhats.app

How many people visit Obwhats.app each day?

• Obwhats.app receives approximately 3.4K visitors and 10,885 page impressions per day.

Which countries does Obwhats.app receive most of its visitors from?

• Obwhats.app is mostly visited by people located in Yemen.

How much Obwhats.app can earn?

• Obwhats.app should earn about $1.20/day from advertising revenue.

What is Obwhats.app estimated value?

• Estimated value of Obwhats.app is $1,087.37.

What IP addresses does Obwhats.app resolve to?

• Obwhats.app resolves to the IP addresses 185.146.22.230.

Where are Obwhats.app servers located in?

• Obwhats.app has servers located in United States.

obwhats.app Profile

Title:واتساب عمر Description:تحميل تطبيقات واتساب بلس جميع النسخ واتساب عمر الواتس الذهبي ، احدث النسخ وملصقات واتساب الجديده
Edit Site Info

What technologies does obwhats.app use?

These are the technologies used at obwhats.app. obwhats.app has a total of 10 technologies installed in 11 different categories.
Analytics
Google Analytics Google Analytics
Miscellaneous
HTTP/3 HTTP/3
JavaScript Libraries
jQuery jQuery
jQuery Migrate jQuery Migrate
Web Servers
LiteSpeed LiteSpeed
Programming Languages
PHP PHP
Caching
WP Rocket WP Rocket
WordPress plugins
WP Rocket WP Rocket
Yoast SEO Yoast SEO
CMS
WordPress WordPress
Blogs
WordPress WordPress
SEO
Yoast SEO Yoast SEO
Databases
MySQL MySQL

obwhats.app Traffic Analysis

Obwhats.app is ranked #4,798,312 in the world. This website is viewed by an estimated 3.4K visitors daily, generating a total of 10.9K pageviews. This equates to about 103.1K monthly visitors.
Daily Visitors3.4K
Monthly Visits103.1K
Pages per Visit3.20
Visit duration n/a
Bounce Rate n/a
Is this your site?Verify your site's metrics.
Daily Unique Visitors:
3,402
Monthly Visits:
103,081
Pages per Visit:
3.20
Daily Pageviews:
10,885
Avg. visit duration:
n/a
Bounce rate:
n/a
Global Reach:
6.9E-5%
HypeRank:
4,798,312
SEMrush Rank:
6,074,317
*All traffic values are estimates only.

Visitors by country

Country
Users%
 
Yemen 100.0%

Where do visitors go on obwhats.app?

 
Reach%Pageviews%PerUser
obwhats.app
100.00%100.00%3
Last update was 1075 days ago
     
This can take up to 60 seconds. Please wait...

*HypeStat.com is not promoting or affiliated with obwhats.app in any way. Only publicly available statistics data are displayed.

  ▼

SEMrush is a complete on line advertising and marketing platform that gives a extensive variety of gear and functions to help companies and entrepreneurs in enhancing their on line visibility and optimizing their virtual advertising and marketing strategies.
SemRushSemRush
Domain:
  obwhats.app
Rank:
(Rank based on keywords, cost and organic traffic)
  6,074,317
Organic Keywords:
(Number of keywords in top 20 Google SERP)
  60
Organic Traffic:
(Number of visitors coming from top 20 search results)
  22
Organic Cost:
((How much need to spend if get same number of visitors from Google Adwords)
  $26.00
Full SEMrush Report >>

Revenue report ▼

Google.com would generate approximately $1.2 per day if the source of income were advertisements, which equates to an estimated monthly revenue of $36 and annual gross revenue of approximately $438. Based on these figures, the site's net worth is estimated at around $1.1K.

How much would obwhats.app make?

Daily Revenue:
$1.20
Monthly Revenue:
$36.00
Yearly Revenue:
$438.00
*All earnings values are estimates only.

Daily earning by country

 
CountryPageviewsEarning
 
Yemen 10,885$1.20

Loss of money due to Adblock?

Daily Revenue Loss:
$0.19
Monthly Revenue Loss:
$5.75
Yearly Revenue Loss:
$69.93
Daily Pageviews Blocked:
1,742
Monthly Pageviews Blocked:
52,248
Yearly Pageviews Blocked:
635,684

Daily revenue loss by country

 
CountryBlockedLost Money
 
Yemen 1,742$0.19

How much is obwhats.app worth?

Website Value:
$1.1K

Ad Experience Report ▼

Summary of the ad experience rating of a website for a specific platform.

Mobile summary

Root domain:
obwhats.app
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Desktop summary

Root domain:
obwhats.app
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Abusive Experience Report ▼

Summary of the abusive experience rating of a website.
Root domain:
obwhats.app
Enforcement:
(Chrome is not preventing your site from opening new windows or tabs.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site reviewed for the abusive experiences.)
Not reviewed

Where is obwhats.app hosted? ▼

Obwhats.app may be hosted in multiple data centers distributed in different locations around the world. This is probably just one of them.

How fast does obwhats.app load? ▼

The average loading time of obwhats.app is 648 ms. The Desktop speed index is 98 and mobile speed index is 64.
Average Load Time:
648 ms

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Desktop

98
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average 0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Lab Data

Total Blocking Time 0 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more
Avoids `unload` event listeners  
The `unload` event does not fire reliably and listening for it can prevent browser optimizations like the Back-Forward Cache. Use `pagehide` or `visibilitychange` events instead. Learn more
Timing budget  
Set a timing budget to help you keep an eye on the performance of your site. Performant sites load fast and respond to user input events quickly. Learn more
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn more
Max Potential First Input Delay 30 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more
First Contentful Paint 0.3 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more
Performance budget  
Keep the quantity and size of network requests under the targets set by the provided performance budget. Learn more
Largest Contentful Paint 1.0 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more
Speed Index 0.8 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more
Time to Interactive 0.3 s
Time to interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more
Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`  
A `<meta name="viewport">` not only optimizes your app for mobile screen sizes, but also prevents . a 300 millisecond delay to user input Learn more
First Meaningful Paint 0.3 s
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Mobile

64
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0ms 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 99% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)975ms 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 68% 20% of loads for this page have an average (800s ~ 1800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 20% 10% of loads for this page have a slow (>1800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 10%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)1.8s 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 76% 11% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 11% 12% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 12%
First Input Delay (FID)15ms 94% of loads for this page have a fast (<100ms) First Input Delay (FID) 94% 3% of loads for this page have an average (100ms ~ 300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 3% 1% of loads for this page have a slow (>300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 1%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)1.8s 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<2500s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 84% 8% of loads for this page have an average (2500s ~ 4000s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 8% 7% of loads for this page have a slow (>4000s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 7%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0ms 99% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 99% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)975ms 68% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 68% 20% of loads for this page have an average (0.8s ~ 1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 20% 10% of loads for this page have a slow (>1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 10%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)1.8s 76% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 76% 11% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 11% 12% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 12%
First Input Delay (FID)15ms 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<100ms) First Input Delay (FID) 94% 3% of loads for this page have an average 100ms ~ 300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 3% 1% of loads for this page have a slow (>300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 1%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)1.8s 84% of loads for this page have a fast (<2.5s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 84% 8% of loads for this page have an average (2.5s ~ 4s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 8% 7% of loads for this page have a slow (>4s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 7%

Lab Data

Max Potential First Input Delay 830 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more
Timing budget  
Set a timing budget to help you keep an eye on the performance of your site. Performant sites load fast and respond to user input events quickly. Learn more
First Meaningful Paint 2.0 s
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more
Total Blocking Time 1,250 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more
Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`  
A `<meta name="viewport">` not only optimizes your app for mobile screen sizes, but also prevents . a 300 millisecond delay to user input Learn more
Performance budget  
Keep the quantity and size of network requests under the targets set by the provided performance budget. Learn more
Avoids `unload` event listeners  
The `unload` event does not fire reliably and listening for it can prevent browser optimizations like the Back-Forward Cache. Use `pagehide` or `visibilitychange` events instead. Learn more
Preload Largest Contentful Paint image  
Preload the image used by the LCP element in order to improve your LCP time. Learn more
Speed Index 2.6 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn more
First Contentful Paint 1.4 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more
Largest Contentful Paint 3.6 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more
Time to Interactive 4.2 s
Time to interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more
First Contentful Paint (3G) 2283 ms
First Contentful Paint 3G marks the time at which the first text or image is painted while on a 3G network. Learn more

Does obwhats.app use compression? ▼

Website compression is the process of reducing the size of website files, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and image files, to improve website performance and load times. Compressing website files can significantly reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred from the server to the user's browser, resulting in faster page load times and improved user experience. Files on obwhats.app are reduced by 78%.
obwhats.app use br compression.
Original size: 113.75 KB
Compressed size: 24.16 KB
File reduced by: 89.59 KB (78%)

Google Safe Browsing ▼

Google Safe Browsing is a service provided by Google that helps protect users from visiting websites that may contain malicious or harmful content, such as malware, phishing attempts, or deceptive software.
This site is not currently listed as suspicious

MyWot.com Reputation Ratings

MyWOT (short for "My Web of Trust") is a web-based reputation and rating service that provides users with information about the trustworthiness and safety of websites.
Status:
  UNKNOWN

SSL Checker - SSL Certificate Verify ▼

An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate is a digital certificate that establishes a secure encrypted connection between a web server and a user's web browser. It provides authentication and encryption, ensuring that data transmitted between the server and the browser remains private and protected. obwhats.app supports HTTPS.
 obwhats.app supports HTTPS
     
Verifying SSL Support. Please wait...
Common Name: obwhats.app
Organization:
Location:
Issuer: "cPanel, Inc. Certification Authority"
Valid from: Sep 17 00:00:00 2022 GMT
Valid until: Dec 16 23:59:59 2022 GMT
Authority: CA:FALSE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Common Name: "cPanel, Inc. Certification Authority"
Organization: "cPanel, Inc."
Location: Houston, TX, US
Issuer: COMODO RSA Certification Authority
Valid from: May 18 00:00:00 2015 GMT
Valid until: May 17 23:59:59 2025 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Common Name: COMODO RSA Certification Authority
Organization: COMODO CA Limited
Location: Salford, Greater Manchester, GB
Issuer: AAA Certificate Services
Valid from: Jan 1 00:00:00 2004 GMT
Valid until: Dec 31 23:59:59 2028 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 4096 Bits

Verify HTTP/2 Support ▼

HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2) is a major revision of the HTTP protocol, which is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It was developed as an improvement over the previous HTTP/1.1 version to enhance web performance and efficiency.
 obwhats.app supports HTTP/2
     
Verifying HTTP/2.0 Support. Please wait...

Http Header ▼

HTTP headers are extra portions of records despatched among a consumer (which include an internet browser) and a server at some stage in an HTTP request or response. They offer instructions, metadata, or manipulate parameters for the conversation among the consumer and server. 
x-powered-by: PHP/7.4.32
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
link: <https://obwhats.app/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"
link: <https://obwhats.app/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/1187>; rel="alternate"; type="application/json"
link: <https://obwhats.app/>; rel=shortlink
last-modified: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 17:16:38 GMT
cache-control: public, max-age=0
expires: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 17:16:38 GMT
x-litespeed-cache: hit
content-encoding: br
vary: Accept-Encoding,Accept-Encoding
date: Tue, 01 Nov 2022 14:07:03 GMT
server: LiteSpeed
strict-transport-security: max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
x-content-type-options: nosniff
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=2592000, h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000, h3-Q050=":443"; ma=2592000, h3-Q046=":443"; ma=2592000, h3-Q043=":443"; ma=2592000, quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="43,46"

DNS Lookup ▼

DNS entries (Domain Name System) are a critical component of the Internet infrastructure. They act as directories that translate human-readable domain names (such as example.com) to machine-readable IP addresses. DNS records are stored on DNS servers and help forward internet traffic efficiently.
Type Ip Target/Txt TTL
SOA 3600
Mname ns1.a2hosting.com
Rname root.nl1-ts3.a2hosting.com
Serial Number 2022041802
Refresh 3600
Retry 1800
Expire 1209600
Minimum TTL 86400
MX obwhats.app 3600
A 185.146.22.230 3544
NS ns3.a2hosting.com 3544
NS ns4.a2hosting.com 3544
NS ns2.a2hosting.com 3544
NS ns1.a2hosting.com 3544

Whois Lookup ▼

Domain WHOIS is a public database that provides information about domain names, including registered owners, contact information, domain registrars, registration and expiration dates, name servers, and other relevant information. Domain registration for this website began on October 16, 2020 and will expire on October 16, 2023 if not renewed. This website is now assigned through the registrar NAMECHEAP INC. The WHOIS data for this website's domain was last updated on September 16, 2022.
Domain Created:
2020-10-16
Domain Expires:
2023-10-16
Domain Updated:
2022-09-16
Domain Age:
4 years 27 days
Domain Registrar:
NAMECHEAP INC
Domain Owner:
Privacy service provided by Withheld for Privacy e
WhoIs:
 

Domain name: obwhats.app
Registry Domain ID: 4430EC441-APP
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.namecheap.com
Registrar URL: http://www.namecheap.com
Updated Date: 2022-09-16T07:35:08.89Z
Creation Date: 2020-10-16T19:25:59.00Z
Registrar Registration Expiration Date: 2023-10-16T19:25:59.00Z
Registrar: NAMECHEAP INC
Registrar IANA ID: 1068
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: email
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.9854014545
Reseller: NAMECHEAP INC
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Registry Registrant ID: 
Registrant Name: Redacted for Privacy
Registrant Organization: Privacy service provided by Withheld for Privacy ehf
Registrant Street: Kalkofnsvegur 2 
Registrant City: Reykjavik
Registrant State/Province: Capital Region
Registrant Postal Code: 101
Registrant Country: IS
Registrant Phone: +354.4212434
Registrant Phone Ext: 
Registrant Fax: 
Registrant Fax Ext: 
Registrant Email: email
Registry Admin ID: 
Admin Name: Redacted for Privacy
Admin Organization: Privacy service provided by Withheld for Privacy ehf
Admin Street: Kalkofnsvegur 2 
Admin City: Reykjavik
Admin State/Province: Capital Region
Admin Postal Code: 101
Admin Country: IS
Admin Phone: +354.4212434
Admin Phone Ext: 
Admin Fax: 
Admin Fax Ext: 
Admin Email: email
Registry Tech ID: 
Tech Name: Redacted for Privacy
Tech Organization: Privacy service provided by Withheld for Privacy ehf
Tech Street: Kalkofnsvegur 2 
Tech City: Reykjavik
Tech State/Province: Capital Region
Tech Postal Code: 101
Tech Country: IS
Tech Phone: +354.4212434
Tech Phone Ext: 
Tech Fax: 
Tech Fax Ext: 
Tech Email: email
Name Server: ns1.a2hosting.com
Name Server: ns2.a2hosting.com
Name Server: ns3.a2hosting.com
Name Server: ns4.a2hosting.com
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System: http://wdprs.internic.net/
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2022-10-31T16:07:58.42Z