kinder.com Kinder.com

   
Kinder™ USA

Domain Summary

What is the traffic rank for Kinder.com?

• Kinder.com ranks #485,412 globally on HypeStat.

What percent of global Internet users visit Kinder.com?

• 0.0019984% of global Internet users visit Kinder.com

How many people visit Kinder.com each day?

• Kinder.com receives approximately 98.5K visitors and 158,691 page impressions per day.

Which countries does Kinder.com receive most of its visitors from?

• Kinder.com is mostly visited by people located in Poland,Germany,Italy.

How much Kinder.com can earn?

• Kinder.com should earn about $300.99/day from advertising revenue.

What is Kinder.com estimated value?

• Estimated value of Kinder.com is $325,959.23.

What IP addresses does Kinder.com resolve to?

• Kinder.com resolves to the IP addresses 54.76.9.40.

Where are Kinder.com servers located in?

• Kinder.com has servers located in Dublin, Leinster, D02, Ireland.

kinder.com Profile

Title:Kinder™ USA Description:kinder is committed to support you in raising happy children by providing quality products & creating unique experiences. learn more about our products including kinder joy & kinder bueno.
Tags:
time
kids
tips
play
browser
kinder
resources
parents
united
states
Category:Food and Drink / Other Food and Drink
About: Sistema de navegación segura para niños, con una Internet simple, y gráficos coloridos.
Kinder supports you in raising happy children by providing unique products and experiences that enhance moments of joy every day and on special occasions. Edit Site Info

What technologies does kinder.com use?

These are the technologies used at kinder.com. kinder.com has a total of 6 technologies installed in 6 different categories.
Widgets
AddToAny AddToAny
CDN
Amazon Cloudfront Amazon Cloudfront
Miscellaneous
Amazon S3 Amazon S3
CMS
Drupal Drupal
PaaS
Amazon Web Services Amazon Web Services
Programming Languages
PHP PHP

kinder.com Traffic Analysis

Kinder.com is ranked #485,412 in the world. This website is viewed by an estimated 98.5K visitors daily, generating a total of 158.7K pageviews. This equates to about 3M monthly visitors. Kinder.com traffic has increased by 7.98% compared to last month.
Daily Visitors98.5K
2.07%
Monthly Visits3M
7.98%
Pages per Visit1.61
9.57%
Visit duration00:47
7.76%
Bounce Rate60.13%
0.35%
Is this your site?Verify your site's metrics.
Daily Unique Visitors:
98,518
Monthly Visits:
2,985,095
Pages per Visit:
1.61
Daily Pageviews:
158,691
Avg. visit duration:
00:47
Bounce rate:
60.13%
Global Reach:
0.0019984%
Monthly Visits (SEMrush):
5,324,178
Monthly Unique Visitors (SEMrush):
3,801,914
Monthly Visits (SimilarWeb):
3,015,863
HypeRank:
485,412
SEMrush Rank:
44,782
SimilarWeb Rank:
27,898
*All traffic values are estimates only.

Traffic sources

Direct:
88.18%
Referral:
2.21%
Search:
8.84%
Social:
0.44%
Paid:
0.32%

Desktop vs Mobile

Desktop:
9.08%
Mobile:
90.92%

Total Visits Last 3 Months

2.8M
SEP
2.8M
OCT
3M
NOV

Visitors by country

Country
Users%
 
Poland 21.25%
 
Germany 17.84%
 
Italy 10.77%
 
Egypt 6.99%
 
France 6.69%

Where do visitors go on kinder.com?

 
Reach%Pageviews%PerUser
kinder.com
99.96%99.57%1.60
prod.kinder.com
0.03%0.39%17.87

Which sites are competitors to kinder.com?

Websites similar to kinder.com are sites similar on user interests and browsing behavior. Users can discover new websites that are similar to the ones they already enjoy or find useful.
Last update was 176 days ago
     
This can take up to 60 seconds. Please wait...

*HypeStat.com is not promoting or affiliated with kinder.com in any way. Only publicly available statistics data are displayed.

  ▼

SEMrush is a complete on line advertising and marketing platform that gives a extensive variety of gear and functions to help companies and entrepreneurs in enhancing their on line visibility and optimizing their virtual advertising and marketing strategies.
SemRushSemRush
Domain:
  kinder.com
Rank:
(Rank based on keywords, cost and organic traffic)
  44,782
Organic Keywords:
(Number of keywords in top 20 Google SERP)
  7,672
Organic Traffic:
(Number of visitors coming from top 20 search results)
  52,045
Organic Cost:
((How much need to spend if get same number of visitors from Google Adwords)
  $33,760.00
Full SEMrush Report >>

Revenue report ▼

Google.com would generate approximately $301 per day if the source of income were advertisements, which equates to an estimated monthly revenue of $9K and annual gross revenue of approximately $109.9K. Based on these figures, the site's net worth is estimated at around $326K.

How much would kinder.com make?

Daily Revenue:
$300.99
Monthly Revenue:
$9,029.70
Yearly Revenue:
$109,861.35
*All earnings values are estimates only.

Daily earning by country

 
CountryPageviewsEarning
 
Germany 28,309$39.63
 
Poland 33,718$13.49
 
France 10,624$6.16
 
Italy 17,085$4.10
 
Egypt 11,098$1.55

Loss of money due to Adblock?

Daily Revenue Loss:
$17.40
Monthly Revenue Loss:
$521.91
Yearly Revenue Loss:
$6,349.85
Daily Pageviews Blocked:
23,965
Monthly Pageviews Blocked:
718,940
Yearly Pageviews Blocked:
8,747,101

Daily revenue loss by country

 
CountryBlockedLost Money
 
Germany 8,210$11.49
 
Poland 11,127$4.45
 
Italy 2,904$0.70
 
France 1,169$0.68
 
Egypt 555$0.08

How much is kinder.com worth?

Website Value:
$326K

Ad Experience Report ▼

Summary of the ad experience rating of a website for a specific platform.

Mobile summary

Root domain:
kinder.com
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Desktop summary

Root domain:
kinder.com
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Abusive Experience Report ▼

Summary of the abusive experience rating of a website.
Root domain:
kinder.com
Enforcement:
(Chrome is not preventing your site from opening new windows or tabs.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site reviewed for the abusive experiences.)
Not reviewed

Where is kinder.com hosted? ▼

Kinder.com may be hosted in multiple data centers distributed in different locations around the world. This is probably just one of them.
Server IP:
54.76.9.40
ASN:
AS16509 
ISP:
Amazon.com, Inc. 
Server Location:
Dublin
Leinster, L
D02
Ireland, IE
 

Other sites hosted on 54.76.9.40

How fast does kinder.com load? ▼

The average loading time of kinder.com is n/a ms. The Desktop speed index is 88 and mobile speed index is 48.
Average Load Time:
n/a ms

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Desktop

88
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a FAST speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)791ms 83% of loads for this page have a fast (<1s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 83% 15% of loads for this page have an average (1s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 15% 1% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 1%
First Input Delay (FID)15ms 100% of loads for this page have a fast (<100ms) First Input Delay (FID) 100% 0% of loads for this page have an average (100ms ~ 300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)1.8s 47% of loads for this page have a fast (<1s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 47% 41% of loads for this page have an average (1s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 41% 10% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 10%
First Input Delay (FID)49ms 96% of loads for this page have a fast (<100ms) First Input Delay (FID) 96% 1% of loads for this page have an average 100ms ~ 300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 1% 1% of loads for this page have a slow (>300ms) First Input Delay (FID) 1%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Lab Data

Performance budget  
Keep the quantity and size of network requests under the targets set by the provided performance budget. Learn more
First Meaningful Paint 1.1 s
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more
Max Potential First Input Delay 40 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration, in milliseconds, of the longest task. Learn more
Time to Interactive 1.1 s
Time to interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more
Estimated Input Latency 10 ms
Estimated Input Latency is an estimate of how long your app takes to respond to user input, in milliseconds, during the busiest 5s window of page load. If your latency is higher than 50 ms, users may perceive your app as laggy. Learn more
Total Blocking Time 0 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds.
Speed Index 1.7 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more
First CPU Idle 1.1 s
First CPU Idle marks the first time at which the page's main thread is quiet enough to handle input. . Learn more
First Contentful Paint 1.1 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Mobile

48
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)17ms 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 44% 48% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 48% 7% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 7%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)726ms 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 76% 14% of loads for this page have an average (800s ~ 1800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 14% 9% of loads for this page have a slow (>1800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 9%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)1.3s 83% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 82% 11% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 11% 5% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 5%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)155ms 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<200s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 84% 12% of loads for this page have an average (200s ~ 500s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 12% 2% of loads for this page have a slow (>500s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 2%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)2.0s 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<2500s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 82% 11% of loads for this page have an average (2500s ~ 4000s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 11% 5% of loads for this page have a slow (>4000s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 5%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)3ms 86% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 86% 6% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 6% 6% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 6%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)1.1s 61% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 61% 29% of loads for this page have an average (0.8s ~ 1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 29% 9% of loads for this page have a slow (>1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 9%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)1.8s 75% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 75% 15% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 15% 8% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 8%
First Input Delay (FID)0 96% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average 0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)169ms 80% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.2s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 80% 14% of loads for this page have an average (0.2s ~ 0.5s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 14% 4% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.5s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 4%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)2.2s 79% of loads for this page have a fast (<2.5s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 79% 12% of loads for this page have an average (2.5s ~ 4s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 12% 8% of loads for this page have a slow (>4s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 8%

Lab Data

Max Potential First Input Delay 70 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric
First Meaningful Paint  
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
Largest Contentful Paint 9.8 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Speed Index 6.6 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Time to Interactive 14.1 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
First Contentful Paint 3.1 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Total Blocking Time 30 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric

Does kinder.com use compression? ▼

Website compression is the process of reducing the size of website files, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and image files, to improve website performance and load times. Compressing website files can significantly reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred from the server to the user's browser, resulting in faster page load times and improved user experience. Files on kinder.com are reduced by 77%.
kinder.com use gzip compression.
Original size: 215.48 KB
Compressed size: 48.35 KB
File reduced by: 167.12 KB (77%)

Google Safe Browsing ▼

Google Safe Browsing is a service provided by Google that helps protect users from visiting websites that may contain malicious or harmful content, such as malware, phishing attempts, or deceptive software.
This site is not currently listed as suspicious

MyWot.com Reputation Ratings

MyWOT (short for "My Web of Trust") is a web-based reputation and rating service that provides users with information about the trustworthiness and safety of websites. kinder.com has 64 Safety Reputations.
Status:
  SAFE
Safety Reputations:
  64
Safety Confidence:
  4

SSL Checker - SSL Certificate Verify ▼

An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate is a digital certificate that establishes a secure encrypted connection between a web server and a user's web browser. It provides authentication and encryption, ensuring that data transmitted between the server and the browser remains private and protected. kinder.com does not support HTTPS.
 kinder.com does not support HTTPS
     
Verifying SSL Support. Please wait...
Common Name: www.kinder.com
Organization:
Location:
Issuer: Let's Encrypt Authority X3
Valid from: Jan 30 13:06:41 2020 GMT
Valid until: Apr 29 13:06:41 2020 GMT
Authority:
Keysize:

Verify HTTP/2 Support ▼

HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2) is a major revision of the HTTP protocol, which is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It was developed as an improvement over the previous HTTP/1.1 version to enhance web performance and efficiency.
 kinder.com does not support HTTP/2
     
Verifying HTTP/2.0 Support. Please wait...

Site Categories ▼

Website categories are used to classify websites based on their content or purpose. These categories provide a way to organize and filter websites, allowing users to find relevant information or ensure compliance with specific regulations or policies.
Seguridad/Herramientas

Http Header ▼

HTTP headers are extra portions of records despatched among a consumer (which include an internet browser) and a server at some stage in an HTTP request or response. They offer instructions, metadata, or manipulate parameters for the conversation among the consumer and server. 
Date: Sun, 01 Mar 2020 06:01:29 GMT
Server: Apache
X-XSS-Protection: 1
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Location: http://www.kinder.com/
Content-Length: 230
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
Server: AkamaiGHost
Content-Length: 0
Location: https://www.kinder.com/us/en/
Date: Sun, 01 Mar 2020 06:01:29 GMT
Connection: keep-alive

HTTP/2 200 
content-type: text/html
last-modified: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 23:45:16 GMT
etag: "f4a470ca3419adb41d004ca11e8d3e2c"
x-amz-server-side-encryption: AES256
x-amz-version-id: 7YjfhE3ORTU62e._qyD4ydGhZg1vhtyP
accept-ranges: bytes
server: AmazonS3
x-amz-cf-pop: LAX3-C1
x-amz-cf-id: tZFrV3TRkC81x2um1Fu8y5SRCiVF7UC-V3pERoomfTZ8X3Mnxi2Drw==
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-encoding: gzip
cache-control: max-age=900
expires: Sun, 01 Mar 2020 06:16:30 GMT
date: Sun, 01 Mar 2020 06:01:30 GMT

DNS Lookup ▼

DNS entries (Domain Name System) are a critical component of the Internet infrastructure. They act as directories that translate human-readable domain names (such as example.com) to machine-readable IP addresses. DNS records are stored on DNS servers and help forward internet traffic efficiently.
Type Ip Target/Txt TTL
A 54.217.72.147 3531
A 54.229.192.145 3531
A 54.76.9.40 3531
NS ns2.barbero.zone 172731
NS ns1.barbero.zone 172731

Whois Lookup ▼

Domain WHOIS is a public database that provides information about domain names, including registered owners, contact information, domain registrars, registration and expiration dates, name servers, and other relevant information. Domain registration for this website began on June 26, 2001 and will expire on June 26, 2025 if not renewed. This website is now assigned through the registrar BARBERO & Associates Ltd. The WHOIS data for this website's domain was last updated on October 13, 2023.
Domain Created:
2001-06-26
Domain Expires:
2025-06-26
Domain Updated:
2023-10-13
Domain Age:
23 years 17 days
Domain Registrar:
BARBERO & Associates Ltd
Domain Owner:
Soremartec S.A.
WhoIs:
 

Domain Name: KINDER.COM
Registry Domain ID: 73390893_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.barbero.co.uk
Registrar URL: www.barbero.co.uk
Updated Date: 2023-10-13T19:23:18Z
Creation Date: 2001-06-26T10:35:32Z
Registrar Registration Expiration Date: 2025-06-26T10:35:32Z
Registrar: BARBERO & Associates Ltd
Registrar IANA ID: 3776
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: email
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +44 779 6116112
Domain Status: clientDeleteProhibited - http://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited - http://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Domain Status: clientUpdateProhibited - http://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited
Registry Registrant ID: 
Registrant Name: Luca Grandi
Registrant Organization: Soremartec S.A.
Registrant Street: 16, Route de Treves
Registrant City: Senningerberg
Registrant State/Province: LU
Registrant Postal Code: L-2633
Registrant Country: LU
Registrant Phone: +352.3497111
Registrant Phone Ext: 
Registrant Fax: +352.349411
Registrant Fax Ext: 
Registrant Email: email
Registry Admin ID: 
Admin Name: Admin Domain
Admin Organization: Soremartec S.A.
Admin Street: 16, Route de Treves
Admin City: Senningerberg
Admin State/Province: LU
Admin Postal Code: L-2633
Admin Country: LU
Admin Phone: +352.3497111
Admin Phone Ext: 
Admin Fax: +352.349411
Admin Fax Ext: 
Admin Email: email
Registry Tech ID: 
Tech Name: Technical Manager
Tech Organization: BARBERO & Associates Ltd
Tech Street: 3 Shortlands, 4th floor
Tech City: London
Tech State/Province: Greater London
Tech Postal Code: W6 8DA
Tech Country: GB
Tech Phone: +44.7803050843
Tech Phone Ext: 
Tech Fax: +44.02035142702
Tech Fax Ext: 
Tech Email: email
Name Server: ns1.barbero.zone
Name Server: ns2.barbero.zone
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System:
http://wdprs.internic.net/
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2024-12-18T10:41:39Z