rufstanford.org Rufstanford.org

   
RUF Stanford

Domain Summary

What percent of global Internet users visit Rufstanford.org?

• 2.2E-6% of global Internet users visit Rufstanford.org

How many people visit Rufstanford.org each day?

• Rufstanford.org receives approximately 106 visitors and 125 page impressions per day.

Which countries does Rufstanford.org receive most of its visitors from?

• Rufstanford.org is mostly visited by people located in United States.

How much Rufstanford.org can earn?

• Rufstanford.org should earn about $0.60/day from advertising revenue.

What is Rufstanford.org estimated value?

• Estimated value of Rufstanford.org is $550.28.

What IP addresses does Rufstanford.org resolve to?

• Rufstanford.org resolves to the IP addresses 198.185.159.145.

Where are Rufstanford.org servers located in?

• Rufstanford.org has servers located in United States.

rufstanford.org Profile

Title:RUF Stanford
Description:RUF at Stanford is a Christian Community welcome to all. We offer weekly bible study and community group meetings. RUF is a college ministry of the Presbyterian Church of American (PCA).
Edit Site Info

What technologies does rufstanford.org use?

These are the technologies used at rufstanford.org. rufstanford.org has a total of 4 technologies installed in 4 different categories.
Security
HSTS HSTS
Miscellaneous
Open Graph Open Graph
CMS
Squarespace Squarespace
Ecommerce
Squarespace Commerce Squarespace Commerce

rufstanford.org Traffic Analysis

This website is viewed by an estimated 106 visitors daily, generating a total of 125 pageviews. This equates to about 3.2K monthly visitors.
Daily Visitors106
Monthly Visits3.2K
Pages per Visit1.17
Visit duration00:15
Bounce Rate85.43%
Is this your site?Verify your site's metrics.
Daily Unique Visitors:
106
Monthly Visits:
3,212
Pages per Visit:
1.17
Daily Pageviews:
125
Avg. visit duration:
00:15
Bounce rate:
85.43%
Global Reach:
2.2E-6%
Monthly Visits (SimilarWeb):
3,255
HypeRank:
n/a
SEMrush Rank:
7,682,050
SimilarWeb Rank:
5,725,424
*All traffic values are estimates only.

Total Visits Last 3 Months

1.4K
SEP
3.2K
OCT
3.2K
NOV

Visitors by country

Country
Users%
 
United States 100.00%
Last update was 17 days ago
     
This can take up to 60 seconds. Please wait...

*HypeStat.com is not promoting or affiliated with rufstanford.org in any way. Only publicly available statistics data are displayed.

Search Engine Indexes ▼

Search engine indexes are huge databases or collections of net pages that search engines like google like google and yahoo use to retrieve applicable facts while customers carry out searches. These indexes are created through search engines like google and yahoo through crawling and indexing net pages from throughout the internet.
Google Index:
6

  ▼

SEMrush is a complete on line advertising and marketing platform that gives a extensive variety of gear and functions to help companies and entrepreneurs in enhancing their on line visibility and optimizing their virtual advertising and marketing strategies.
SemRushSemRush
Domain:
  rufstanford.org
Rank:
(Rank based on keywords, cost and organic traffic)
  7,682,050
Organic Keywords:
(Number of keywords in top 20 Google SERP)
  32
Organic Traffic:
(Number of visitors coming from top 20 search results)
  11
Organic Cost:
((How much need to spend if get same number of visitors from Google Adwords)
  $0.00
Full SEMrush Report >>

Revenue report ▼

Google.com would generate approximately $0.6 per day if the source of income were advertisements, which equates to an estimated monthly revenue of $18 and annual gross revenue of approximately $219. Based on these figures, the site's net worth is estimated at around $550.3.

How much would rufstanford.org make?

Daily Revenue:
$0.60
Monthly Revenue:
$18.00
Yearly Revenue:
$219.00
*All earnings values are estimates only.

Daily earning by country

 
CountryPageviewsEarning
 
United States 125$0.60

Loss of money due to Adblock?

Daily Revenue Loss:
$0.11
Monthly Revenue Loss:
$3.26
Yearly Revenue Loss:
$39.67
Daily Pageviews Blocked:
23
Monthly Pageviews Blocked:
675
Yearly Pageviews Blocked:
8,213

Daily revenue loss by country

 
CountryBlockedLost Money
 
United States 23$0.11

How much is rufstanford.org worth?

Website Value:
$550.3

Ad Experience Report ▼

Summary of the ad experience rating of a website for a specific platform.

Mobile summary

Root domain:
rufstanford.org
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Desktop summary

Root domain:
rufstanford.org
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Abusive Experience Report ▼

Summary of the abusive experience rating of a website.
Root domain:
rufstanford.org
Enforcement:
(Chrome is not preventing your site from opening new windows or tabs.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site reviewed for the abusive experiences.)
Not reviewed

Where is rufstanford.org hosted? ▼

Rufstanford.org may be hosted in multiple data centers distributed in different locations around the world. This is probably just one of them.
Server IP:
198.185.159.145
ASN:
AS53831 
ISP:
Squarespace, Inc. 
Server Location:

United States, US
 

Other sites hosted on 198.185.159.145

How fast does rufstanford.org load? ▼

The average loading time of rufstanford.org is 291 ms. The Desktop speed index is 63 and mobile speed index is 39.
Average Load Time:
291 ms

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Desktop

63
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average 0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Lab Data

First Contentful Paint 1.1 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Largest Contentful Paint 2.4 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Time to Interactive 2.4 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
Total Blocking Time 400 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Max Potential First Input Delay 320 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric
Largest Contentful Paint image was not lazily loaded  
Above-the-fold images that are lazily loaded render later in the page lifecycle, which can delay the largest contentful paint. Learn more about optimal lazy loading
Speed Index 2.2 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Preload Largest Contentful Paint image  
If the LCP element is dynamically added to the page, you should preload the image in order to improve LCP. Learn more about preloading LCP elements
First Meaningful Paint  
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Mobile

39
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 0%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 0%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average 0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 0%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0s ~ 0s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 0%

Lab Data

Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Total Blocking Time 770 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Preload Largest Contentful Paint image  
If the LCP element is dynamically added to the page, you should preload the image in order to improve LCP. Learn more about preloading LCP elements
Speed Index 7.8 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Max Potential First Input Delay 570 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric
Largest Contentful Paint image was not lazily loaded  
Above-the-fold images that are lazily loaded render later in the page lifecycle, which can delay the largest contentful paint. Learn more about optimal lazy loading
First Contentful Paint 5.4 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
Time to Interactive 11.9 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
First Meaningful Paint  
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
Largest Contentful Paint 11.9 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric

Does rufstanford.org use compression? ▼

Website compression is the process of reducing the size of website files, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and image files, to improve website performance and load times. Compressing website files can significantly reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred from the server to the user's browser, resulting in faster page load times and improved user experience. Files on rufstanford.org are reduced by 91%.
rufstanford.org use gzip compression.
Original size: 325.33 KB
Compressed size: 27.74 KB
File reduced by: 297.58 KB (91%)

Google Safe Browsing ▼

Google Safe Browsing is a service provided by Google that helps protect users from visiting websites that may contain malicious or harmful content, such as malware, phishing attempts, or deceptive software.
This site is not currently listed as suspicious

MyWot.com Reputation Ratings

MyWOT (short for "My Web of Trust") is a web-based reputation and rating service that provides users with information about the trustworthiness and safety of websites.
Status:
  SAFE

SSL Checker - SSL Certificate Verify ▼

An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate is a digital certificate that establishes a secure encrypted connection between a web server and a user's web browser. It provides authentication and encryption, ensuring that data transmitted between the server and the browser remains private and protected. rufstanford.org supports HTTPS.
 rufstanford.org supports HTTPS
     
Verifying SSL Support. Please wait...
Common Name: www.rufstanford.org
Organization:
Location:
Issuer: R11
Valid from: Nov 21 10:23:41 2024 GMT
Valid until: Feb 19 10:23:40 2025 GMT
Authority: CA:FALSE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Common Name: R11
Organization: Let's Encrypt
Location: US
Issuer: ISRG Root X1
Valid from: Mar 13 00:00:00 2024 GMT
Valid until: Mar 12 23:59:59 2027 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 2048 Bits

Verify HTTP/2 Support ▼

HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2) is a major revision of the HTTP protocol, which is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It was developed as an improvement over the previous HTTP/1.1 version to enhance web performance and efficiency.
 rufstanford.org supports HTTP/2
     
Verifying HTTP/2.0 Support. Please wait...

Http Header ▼

HTTP headers are extra portions of records despatched among a consumer (which include an internet browser) and a server at some stage in an HTTP request or response. They offer instructions, metadata, or manipulate parameters for the conversation among the consumer and server. 
age: 31283
date: Sat, 07 Dec 2024 18:30:54 GMT
location: https://www.rufstanford.org/
server: Squarespace
set-cookie: crumb=BfKLN2KFRUalMzRmNzdmZmY5Yzg2OTJmNDY3YWNjNThmMDhhZGY0;Secure;Path=/
strict-transport-security: max-age=15552000
x-contextid: 14M1pW9b/YdYkUM6x
content-length: 0

HTTP/2 200 
accept-ranges: bytes
age: 28094
content-encoding: gzip
content-type: text/html;charset=utf-8
date: Fri, 06 Dec 2024 21:13:30 GMT
etag: W/"c517a1f69e395fc2e55febf4bc39bddd"
expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT
server: Squarespace
set-cookie: crumb=BeyUJ2avuH/1MWU5MWRjNWIzNWRhMjQ1Y2Q1MzlkNmI1MThkMzAx;Secure;Path=/
strict-transport-security: max-age=15552000
vary: Accept-Encoding
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-contextid: HTXYfTaC/2VBxuKyt
content-length: 28407

DNS Lookup ▼

DNS entries (Domain Name System) are a critical component of the Internet infrastructure. They act as directories that translate human-readable domain names (such as example.com) to machine-readable IP addresses. DNS records are stored on DNS servers and help forward internet traffic efficiently.
Type Ip Target/Txt TTL
SOA 7200
Mname ns1.misk.com
Rname support.misk.com
Serial Number 2012073017
Refresh 14400
Retry 7200
Expire 950400
Minimum TTL 7200
TXT v=spf1 include:_spf.misk.com ?all 7200
MX mx.misk.com 7200
A 198.185.159.145 7138
A 198.49.23.145 7138
A 198.49.23.144 7138
NS ns2.misk.com 3538
NS ns1.misk.com 3538

Whois Lookup ▼

Domain WHOIS is a public database that provides information about domain names, including registered owners, contact information, domain registrars, registration and expiration dates, name servers, and other relevant information. Domain registration for this website began on July 30, 2012 and will expire on July 30, 2025 if not renewed. This website is now assigned through the registrar Misk.com, Inc.. The WHOIS data for this website's domain was last updated on June 6, 2024.
Domain Created:
2012-07-30
Domain Expires:
2025-07-30
Domain Updated:
2024-06-06
Domain Age:
12 years 4 months 27 days
Domain Registrar:
Misk.com, Inc.
Domain Owner:
The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junio
WhoIs:
 

Domain Name: rufstanford.org
Registry Domain ID: d43f5599ae594b03a62a15a691804fce-LROR
Registrar WHOIS Server: http://whois.misk.com
Registrar URL: https://www.misk.com
Updated Date: 2024-06-06T16:21:04Z
Creation Date: 2012-07-30T16:59:12Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2025-07-30T16:59:12Z
Registrar: Misk.com, Inc.
Registrar IANA ID: 401
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: email
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.4252304250
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Registry Registrant ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Organization: The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University
Registrant Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant State/Province: CA
Registrant Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Country: US
Registrant Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Phone Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Fax Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Email: Please query the RDDS service of the Registrar of Record identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name.
Registry Admin ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Fax Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Email: Please query the RDDS service of the Registrar of Record identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name.
Registry Tech ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Fax Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Email: Please query the RDDS service of the Registrar of Record identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name.
Name Server: ns1.misk.com
Name Server: ns2.misk.com
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2024-12-08T15:23:33Z